ABSTRACT The research presented is of experimental type. It is aimed at responding to the inadequacies presented in the educational teaching process in schools for the education of children with behavioral disorders. The objective is the proposal of a strategy with a socio-communicational approach. The results are materialized in the significant progress shown by the students, both in behavior and in learning. Empirical and theoretical methods were used in the research, among them: analysis and synthesis, historical and logical, observation, interview, pedagogical tests, quasi-experiment and document analysis.

RESUMEN La investigación que se presenta es de tipo experimental. Está dirigida a dar respuesta a las insuficiencias que se presentan en el proceso docente educativo en las escuelas para la educación de niños con trastornos de conducta. El objetivo es la propuesta de una estrategia con enfoque sociocomunicacional. Los resultados se concretan en los avances significativos que mostraron los educandos, tanto en la conducta como en el aprendizaje. En la investigación se emplearon métodos del nivel empírico y teórico, entre ellos: análisis y síntesis, histórico y lógico, observación, entrevista, pruebas pedagógicas, cuasiexperimento y análisis de documentos.

ABSTRACT Objective: Report the clinical case of Gastric Adenomyoma as etiology of pyloric syndrome. Clinical case: We present a 52 years old man who attended the emergency room due pyloric syndrome and who underwent a distal gastrectomy. The pathological report revealed a gastric adenomyoma with ulcerative lesion. Discussion: This pathology is an unusual finding, and the literature describe it with extremely low rate of malignant transformation. Conclusion: Gastric adenomyoma is a infrequent pathology and should be taken into account when endoscopic studies are not enough to determine the etiology of a pyloric syndrome.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Reportar el caso clínico de Adenomioma gástrico como etiología de un síndrome pilórico. Caso Clínico: Presentamos el caso de un varón de 52 años que acudió a emergencia por un síndrome pilórico quien fue sometido a una gastrectomía distal. El reporte de anatomía patológica revelo un Adenomioma gástrico con lesión ulcerativa múltiple. Discusión: Esta patología es un hallazgo inusual, siendo extremadamente baja su tasa de transformación maligna. Conclusiones: El Adenomioma gástrico es una patología infrecuente que debe ser tenida en cuenta cuando los estudios endoscópicos no logran definir la etiología de un síndrome pilórico.

ABSTRACT Background: Most patients with terminal chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis develop secondary hyperparathyroidism. Sometimes this type of secondary hyperparathyroidism becomes severe and refractory to medical treatment, some will even develop tertiary hyperparathyroidism, the treatment of both situations is usually subtotal or total parathyroidectomy. Case Report: We present the case of a 29-year-old patient with end-stage kidney disease on hemodialysis for 13 years, who developed tertiary hyperparathyroidism, for which he underwent subtotal parathyroidectomy with half gland autotransplantation; the pathological study reported the presence of a parathyroid carcinoma in one of the four excised parathyroid glands. Conclusion: Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare neoplasm that causes primary hyperparathyroidism in less than 1% of all cases, and has been reported in some patients operated on for the development of tertiary hyperparathyroidism.

RESUMEN Introducción: La mayoría de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica terminal en hemodiálisis desarrollan hiperparatiroidismo secundario. Algunas veces este tipo de hiperparatiroidismo secundario suele ser severo y refractario al tratamiento médico, inclusive algunos desarrollarán hiperparatiroidismo terciario, el tratamiento de ambas situaciones suele ser la paratiroidectomía subtotal o total. Reporte de Caso: Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 29 años, con enfermedad renal terminal en hemodiálisis durante 13 años, quien desarrolló hiperparatiroidismo terciario por lo que fue sometido a paratiroidectomía subtotal con autotrasplante de media glándula; el estudio patológico informó la presencia de un carcinoma de paratiroides en una de las cuatro glándulas paratiroides extirpadas. Conclusión: El carcinoma de paratiroides es una neoplasia rara que causa hiperparatiroidismo primario en menos de 1% de todos los casos, y se ha reportado en algunos pacientes operados por hiperparatiroidismo terciario.

RESUMEN Se realiza un estudio dinámico lineal del estado tensional de la viga de giro del transportador de descarga del nuevo modelo de cosechadora cañera cubana CCA-5000. Se determinaron los coeficientes dinámicos a partir de la evaluación experimental extensométrica de la cosechadora KTP-23, modelo análogo en su estructura a la CCA-5000. Utilizando el análisis por medio de los elementos finitos se obtiene la distribución del factor de seguridad y las tensiones en la viga para las diferentes combinaciones de cargas actuantes asociadas a una curva de variación dinámica de estas. Se realiza un análisis de los modos de frecuencias para cada estado de carga y se comparan los resultados con las frecuencias de las irregularidades de los terrenos por los que se desplaza la cosechadora, con el objetivo de verificar la aparición o no de grandes amplitudes en las oscilaciones del sistema por el fenómeno de la resonancia. Se realiza la optimización de forma de la viga teniendo en cuenta los resultados anteriores con el objetivo de disminuir el volumen de metal de esta.

ABSTRACT A linear dynamic study of the tensional status of the unloading conveyor´s spin beam in the new model CCA-5000 Cuban sugarcane harvester is carried out. The dynamic coefficients were determined using a strain gauge experimental evaluation of the KTP-23 harvester, which is a similar model in structure to the CCA-5000. A finite elements analysis is used to obtain the safety distribution factor and the tensions in the beam for different load combinations linked to a dynamic variation curve of the loads. Aiming to verify the presence or not of large amplitudes on the system oscillations caused by the resonance phenomenon, an analysis of the frequency modes for each load status is conducted, and the results are compared with the terrain irregularities frequencies on which the harvester moves. Finally, taking into account the previous results, the shape of the beam is optimized in order to decrease its steel volume.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Primary hyperaldosteronism is the main cause of arterial hypertension of endocrine origin in the general population; its presentation during pregnancy is infrequent; having described about 50 cases since 1962, the most common cause is the presence of an adrenal adenoma. OBJECTIVE: To report the first case of hyperaldosteronism treated during pregnancy in Peru and reviews the literature. CLINICAL CASE: A 39-year-old patient with a history of arterial hypertension and poor obstetric history, who was referred to our center in the second trimester of the 5th pregnancy due to uncontrolled hypertension and symptomatic hypokalemia. Management included an aldosterone receptor antagonist, allowing the control of blood pressure and the culmination of the pregnancy with the delivery of a healthy girl. Subsequently, the presence of an adrenal nodule was confirmed, the resection of which resulted in normalization of aldosterone concentration, plasma renin activity, kalemia, and remission of hypertension to date. CONCLUSION: Recommendations on the management of hyperaldosteronism during pregnancy are based only on published cases and drug toxicity data were generated in animal studies. Hence the importance of this report, which provides information that can be considered in similar situations.

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: El hiperaldosteronismo primario es la principal causa de hipertensión arterial de origen endocrino en la población general; su manifestación durante el embarazo es poco frecuente, casi siempre provocado por un adenoma adrenal productor de aldosterona. De 1962 a la fecha se han descrito alrededor de 50 casos. Objetivo: Reportar un caso de hiperaldosteronismo durante el embarazo y revisar la bibliografía relacionada. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 39 años, con antecedente médico de hipertensión arterial, en curso del segundo trimestre del quinto embarazo, que acudió a consulta por hipertensión no controlada e hipocalemia. El tratamiento incluyó un antagonista del receptor de aldosterona, que permitió el control de la tensión arterial y la finalización del embarazo. Posteriormente se identificó un nódulo adrenal, cuya resección resultó en normalización de las concentraciones de aldosterona, la actividad de renina plasmática, calemia y remisión de la hipertensión hasta la actualidad. CONCLUSIÓN: Las recomendaciones para el tratamiento de pacientes con hiperaldosteronismo durante el embarazo se basan en los casos publicados y los datos de toxicidad generados de estudios en animales. De ahí la importancia de este caso, que aporta información importante y puede considerarse en situaciones similares.

Abstract Background: Cryptosporidium spp. are pathogenic protozoans that play an important role in developing diseases in the elderly, children, and immunosuppressed individuals. Methods: The objective of this study was to detect and genetically characterize Cryptosporidium spp. in kidney transplanted patients (n = 97 samples; group 1) and immunosuppressed individuals from an outpatient clinic suspected of having Cryptosporidium infection (n = 53 samples; group 2). All fecal samples were analyzed by parasitological stool examination, immunochromatographic test, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). Cryptosporidium-positive samples were tested using nested PCR for the gp60 gene, followed by sequencing for subtype determination. Results: Parasitological examination was negative in all Group 1, and positive in four Group 2 samples. Real-time PCR revealed Cryptosporidium in 13 samples: four in Group 1 (three C. hominis and one C. parvum) and nine in Group 2 (seven C. hominis, one C. parvum, and one mixed C. hominis/C. parvum). The immunochromatographic test was reactive in 11 samples (four in Group 1 and seven in Group 2). All 11 C. hominis isolates were identified as subtype IbA10G2 and one C. parvum as subtype IIbA15G2R1. All C. hominis belonged to subtype IbA10G2, which is recognized as the most prevalent and pathogenic subtype. Conclusions: This study showed, for the first time, that the presence of Cryptosporidium subtypes is considered more virulent in Brazilian transplanted kidney patients.

ABSTRACT Cryptosporidiosis is a disease caused by the Cryptosporidium spp parasite. As some species of Cryptosporidium have a wide host spectrum, the characterization of the pathogen at the species or genotype level is of great importance to define the sources of infection for humans and the potential for public health. This study investigated the diversity of the genus Cryptosporidium spp. in humans from all over the American continent and observed whether the method used to search for the parasite influenced the prevalence found in the Americas. This systematic review was carried out using the Pubmed, Science direct, Lilacs, Scielo, and Scopus databases with publications from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2020. For data synthesis, the PRISMA flowchart was used and for the meta-analysis we used the MetaXL program. Of the selected publications, 57, 9 and 16 belonged to the region of South, Central and North America, respectively. The prevalence found for South, Central, and North America was 7%, 7%, and 8%, respectively, when analyzing publications that used only the microscopy method. When we analyzed the publications that used immunological and molecular methods, we found prevalences of 10%, 9%, and 21% for South, Central, and North America, respectively. The C. hominis subtype IbA10G2 was the most reported in the American continent, followed by subtype IeA11G3T3 and, for C. parvum, subtype IIaA15G2RI was the most reported. In conclusion, Cryptosporidium spp. is present throughout the American continent and its prevalence is higher when immunological and/or molecular methods are used, in addition to direct microscopic examination.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Cerebrospinal fluid analysis contributes to the diagnosis and neuropathogenesis of neuroinvasive arboviruses. Neurological complications caused by dengue, Zika, and chikungunya infections have high clinical relevance because of their high potential to cause death or neurological deficits. We aimed to evaluate the use of cerebrospinal fluid assays for diagnostic support in neurological disorders associated with dengue, chikungunya, and Zika infections. METHODS: A systematic review was carried out by searching the electronic databases LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase for articles written in English, Portuguese, or Spanish in the last 19 years. Published studies were reviewed using the terms “dengue,” “Zika”, “chikungunya”, alone or in combination with “cerebrospinal fluid” in the period from 2000 to 2019. RESULTS: A total of 98,060 studies were identified; of these, 1.1% (1,041 studies, 58,478 cases) used cerebrospinal fluid assays for neurological investigations. The most frequent neurological disorders included encephalitis (41.4%), congenital syndromes (17%), and microcephaly associated with Zika virus infections (8.9%). Neuroinvasive disorders were confirmed in 8.03% of 58,478 cases by specific cerebrospinal fluid analyses. The main methods used were IgM-specific antibodies (66%) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (10%). The largest number of scientific papers (29%) originated from Brazil, followed by India (18.4%) and the United States (14.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Although cerebrospinal fluid analysis is of great importance for increasing neurological diagnostic accuracy and contributes to the early diagnosis of neuroinvasive dengue, chikungunya, and Zika infections, it is underused in routine laboratory investigations worldwide.

Abstract The objective of this study is to analyze the existence of convergence and determine its magnitude at the cantonal level for the Ecuadorian economy during the period 2007 to 2017. Following the methodology proposed by Quah, the transition matrix of the Ecuadorian economy at the cantonal level is estimated and following the postulates of Barro and Sala-i-Martin, the sigma convergence process is identified and an econometric model is estimated using OLS and cross-sectional data, to determine the existence and magnitude of the beta convergence. The main findings indicate that Ecuador shows an improvement in the final mobility situation. Furthermore, the absolute convergence rate amounts to 3.62% annual average at the cantonal level, while, by including conditioning factors in relation to physical infrastructure of households, electricity consumption and education, the speed of convergence amounts to 4.67% average annual, which denotes key areas of intervention, among others, in order to shorten territorial gaps in Ecuador.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la existencia de convergencia y determinar su magnitud a nivel cantonal para la economía ecuatoriana durante el período 2007 a 2017. Siguiendo la metodología propuesta por Quah, se estima la matriz de transición de la economía ecuatoriana a nivel cantonal y siguiendo los postulados de Barro y Sala-i-Martin, se identifica el proceso de convergencia sigma y se estima un modelo econométrico utilizando MCO y datos de corte transversal, para determinar la existencia y magnitud de la convergencia beta. Los principales hallazgos indican que Ecuador muestra una mejora en la situación final de movilidad. Además, la tasa de convergencia absoluta asciende al 3.62% promedio anual en el nivel cantonal, mientras que, al incluir factores de condicionamiento en relación con la infraestructura física de los hogares, el consumo de electricidad y la educación, la velocidad de convergencia asciende al 4,67% promedio anual, lo que denota áreas clave de intervención, entre otras, para acortar brechas territoriales en Ecuador.

Resumo O vírus herpes simples (HSV) é um dos agentes causadores de uma doença grave no sistema nervoso central (SNC) em humanos. A detecção de anticorpos específicos no líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) pode contribuir para o diagnóstico neurológico retrospectivo. Entretanto, os testes imunológicos comerciais são para uso em amostras de soro. Objetivo: Adaptar um kit comercial sorológico anti-HSV IgG para ser utilizado no de LCR. Metodos: Quarenta amostras de LCR de 38 pacientes com suspeita de infecção por HSV no SNC foram diluídas pesquisa de anticorpos anti-HSV IgG pelo método imunoenzimático (EIA). Além disso, as mesmas amostras também foram analisadas por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Resultados: A sensibilidade do teste EIA para o HSV consistiu em 5% (diluição 1:40) e 65% (diluição 1:2) no LCR, e o PCR do DNA do HSV, 15%. A análise combinada de EIA (diluição 1:2) e PCR aumentou a sensibilidade para 72,5%. Houve associação entre presença do LCR inflamatório e PCR positiva para HSV. Conclusões: Demonstramos a importância na adaptação previa do teste sorológico anti-HSV IgG EIA para ensaios do no LCR, a fim de aumentar a acuracia da análise, considerando a baixa concentração de anticorpos específicos no LCR.

Abstract Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a cause of a severe disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in humans. The demonstration of specific antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may contribute to the retrospective neurological diagnosis. However, the commercial immunological tests for HSV infection are for use in serum samples. Objective: The aim of the present study was to adapt a commercial kit anti-HSV IgG used for serum samples to be performed with a CSF sample. Methods: Forty CSF specimens from 38 patients with suspected CNS HSV infection were serially diluted for detecting anti-HSV IgG by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The same samples were also analyzed with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The sensitivity of EIA test for HSV was 5% (dilution 1:40) and 65% (dilution 1:2) in CSF, and HSV DNA PCR was 15%. The combined analysis of EIA (dilution 1:2) and PCR increased the sensitivity up to 72.5%. The inflammatory CSF was associated with positive HSV PCR. Conclusions: We demonstrated the importance to adapt serological anti-HSV IgG EIA test for CSF assays to increase the accuracy of the analysis, considering the low concentration of specific antibodies in CSF.

Abstract In this work, the evaluation of the growth of cracks in specimens of square cross section requested by symmetrical cyclic torsion moments was performed. The specimens were manufactured from AISI 1015. A pre-crack was machined on one side to induce the crack growth. The crack length with the increase in the number of cycles was measured by means of penetrating liquids method. By means of the Finite Element Method, the stress - strain state of the specimens was simulated. The displacements in the tip of the crack were determined to apply the technique of the Crack Tip Opening Displacements to calculate the Stress Intensity Factor. The calculated Stress Intensity Factor was related to the dimensions of the specimen and the size of the crack to propose an equation for the shape function. A Paris´s Law in mode of failure III was proposed.

Resumen En este trabajo se realizó la evaluación del crecimiento de grietas en probetas de sección transversal cuadrada solicitadas por momentos torsores cíclicos simétricos. Las probetas se fabricaron de AISI 1015. Se maquinó una pre-grieta en una cara para inducir el crecimiento de la grieta. La longitud de la grieta con el aumento del número de ciclos se midió mediante el método de los líquidos penetrantes. Mediante el Método de los Elementos Finitos se simuló el estado tensional - deformacional de las probetas. Se determinaron los desplazamientos en la punta de la grieta para aplicar la técnica de los Desplazamientos de Apertura de la Punta de la Grieta para calcular el Factor de Intensidad de Tensiones. Este se relacionó con las dimensiones de la probeta y el tamaño de la grieta para proponer una ecuación para la función de forma. Se propuso una Ley de Paris en el modo de fallo III

Abstract The roofing tiles are very used elements in the civils construccion, these are constructed of different materials such as asbestos-cement, highly toxic and carcinogenic material that should not be used in construction. To mitigate this problem, studies are being carried to obtain new, mostly composite materials that have similar or superior resistive characteristics to those of fiber cement and that can be used in the manufacture of roofing tiles for different works. The objective of this research has been the characterization of a new composite material based on a polymeric matrix reinforced with particles of the bark of the seed of the tucumá tree (Astrocaryum Aculeatum), and the comparison of the resistive behavior through the method of the Finite elements of the light covers constructed with this material and those of fiber cement (asbestos-cement) of the wavy type subjected to the action of the wind.

Resumen Las cubiertas ligeras son elementos muy utilizados en obras civiles, estas son construidas de diferentes materiales como el asbesto-cemento, material altamente tóxico y cancerígeno que no debería ser utilizado en la construcción. Para mitigar esta problemática se realizan estudios para la obtención de nuevos materiales mayormente compuestos que reúnan características resistivas similares o superiores a las del asbesto-cemento y que puedan ser utilizados en la fabricación de tejas para cubiertas de diferentes obras. El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido la caracterización de un nuevo material compuesto en base a una matriz polimérica reforzada con partículas de la corteza de la semilla del árbol del tucumá (Astrocaryum Aculeatum), y la comparación del comportamiento resistivo a través del Método de los Elementos Finitos de las cubiertas ligeras construidas con este material y las de fibrocemento (amianto-cemento) del tipo onduladas sometidas a la acción del viento.

ABSTRACT Background: Intracranial solitary plasmacytoma is extremely rare and its location in the clivus is unusual; its clinical presentation is very varied and the diagnostic images are similar to the other tumors in skull-base. Case presentation: 47-year-old woman with initial diagnosis of pituitary macroadenoma, attended with headache, nausea, vomiting, diplopia in the right eye and paralysis of her abducent nerve. She was reoperated by transsphenoidal endoscopic approach, concluding in solitary clivus plasmacytoma by biopsy and immunohistochemistry. Conclusions: Clivus is an unusual location for intracranial plasmacytoma. Early diagnosis, complete study and careful follow-up are required due to its high progression to multiple myeloma.

RESUMEN Introducción: El plasmocitoma solitario intracraneal es extremadamente raro y su localización en el clivus es inusual; su presentación clínica es muy variada y las imágenes diagnósticas son similares a las de otros tumores de la base del cráneo. Reporte de caso: Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 47 años con diagnóstico inicial de macroadenoma hipofisiario, que cursó con cefalea, náuseas, vómitos, diplopía en ojo derecho y parálisis de su nervio abducente. Fue reintervenida por vía transesfenoidal endoscópica, concluyendo en plasmocitoma solitario del clivus por biopsia e inmunohistoquímica. Conclusiones: El clivus es una localización inusual para plasmocitoma intracraneal, se requiere un diagnóstico precoz, estudio completo y seguimiento cuidadoso por su alta progresión a mieloma múltiple.

ABSTRACT Cryptosporidium spp. is a pathogenic protozoan present in the gastrointestinal tract of several hosts. This protozoan was originally classified as within the Coccidia Class and has recently been reclassified to gregarine based on studies that observed the evolutionary phases from the process of excision and sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene. Molecular biology techniques have become diagnostic tools and have also been used to understand the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium spp., since several species of this genus are very similar morphologically and morphometrically. Molecular techniques have been used in the identification of parasites, at the species and subtypes levels and to study disease transmission. The laboratory diagnosis of human cryptosporidiosis can be made by parasite detection methods, such as optical microscopy, antigens or genetic material detection, as well as serum antibodies raised to Cryptosporidium spp. Molecular methods were developed and allowed, not only an extensive revision of the taxonomy, but also an improvement in the laboratory diagnosis. In Brazil, there are few reports of Cryptosporidium spp. outbreaks in humans and all of them took place in nurseries. A few epidemiological studies developed in Brazil have used molecular methods for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp., as well as genotyping studies of their species and subtypes. The use of real-time PCR, together with microscopy and immunochromatography techniques, would result in a more precise diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis. The analysis of genotypes, subtypes and clonality of Cryptosporidium could be useful to understand and define the prognosis and severity of infections.

ABSTRACT The sesame cake (SC) is a by-product of the extraction of oil from the seed, that rich in protein and energy by the residual oil. This work involves digestive assessment in vivo in vitro to evaluate the digestibility coefficients (DC) of the nutrients using different levels of SC mixed with Brachiaria decumbens hay (BDH) in rations to sheep. First, eight sheep were used according to latin square design 4×4 (4 periods and 4 groups of sheep) and with 4 SC levels (Treatments: T1 = 15%, T2 = 30%, T3 = 45% and T4 = 60%). For in vitro, the method of Tilley and Terry (1963) was applied. DM intake (DMI) and DC in vivo DMD, OMD, CPD, EED increased significantly (p<0.05) with the increase in SC, except for the NDFD, the linear evolution being significant for these DCs and the quadratic for CPD and EED. From the equations of regression between DC and percentage of inclusion of SC, the digestibility of SC (100% inclusion) was determined by extrapolation, that were: 70.6% DMD, 77.8% OMD, 73.6% CPD, 91% EED. The in vitro coefficients of IVDMD and IVOMD were significantly increased (p<0.05) with the increase of SC, evolving the linear and quadratic form. It was concluded that the values of DMD, OMD, CPD and EED increased when the SC increase in the ration, the OMD and CPD present small differences from those reported in specialized tables, and that the CDs in vitro underestimated in vivo.

RESUMEN El expeller de sésamo (ES) es un subproducto de la extracción mecánica de aceite de la semilla, rico en proteína y energía por el aceite residual. El objetivo fue valorar los coeficientes de digestibilidad (CD) de los nutrientes utilizando distintos niveles de ES con heno de Brachiaria decumbens (HBD) en ovinos, mediante técnicas in vivo e in vitro. Con la primera se utilizaron ocho ovinos según un diseño cuadrado latino 4x4 (4 periodos y 4 grupos de ovinos) y 4 niveles de ES (Tratamientos: T1: 15%; T2: 30%; T3: 45% y T4: 60%). Para el in vitro se aplicó el método de Tilley y Terry (1963). El consumo de MS (CMS) y los coeficientes in vivo de DMS, DMO, DPB y DEE se incrementaron significativamente (p<0,05) con el aumento del ES, a excepción de la DFND, siendo significativa la evolución lineal para los cuatros CD y la cuadrática para DPB y DEE. Con ecuaciones de regresión entre CD y porcentajes ES, se determinaron los CD del ES por extrapolación, que fueron: 70,6% DMS; 77,8% DMO, 73,6% DPB y 91% DEE. Los coeficientes in vitro de DIVMS y DIVMO se incrementaron significativamente (p<0,05) con el aumento del ES, evolucionando significativamente la forma lineal y cuadrática. Concluyéndose que los valores de DMS, DMO, DPB y DEE aumentaron al incrementarse el ES en la ración, que la DMO y DPB difieren poco de las reportadas en tablas especializadas, y que los CD in vitro subestimaron un poco a los in vivo.